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An emergency backpack, often referred to as a "go-bag" or "bug-out bag," should include essential items to help you survive and stay safe for at least 72 hours in the event of an emergency or evacuation. Here’s a comprehensive list of what to include:

Basic Survival Essentials:

1. Water: At least one gallon per person per day for drinking and sanitation. Water purification tablets or a portable filter (like a LifeStraw) can be helpful.


2. Food: Non-perishable, high-energy foods such as energy bars, dried fruits, nuts, or canned goods (with a manual can opener). Choose lightweight, easy-to-prepare foods.


3. First Aid Kit: A complete first aid kit with bandages, antiseptic, pain relievers, tweezers, gauze, and any personal medications.


4. Multi-tool: A multi-purpose tool (like a Swiss Army knife or Leatherman) for various functions.


5. Flashlight: With extra batteries or a hand-crank flashlight.


6. Fire Starter: Waterproof matches, a lighter, or a magnesium fire starter for warmth and cooking.


7. Warm Clothing: A set of durable, weather-appropriate clothes (including extra socks and underwear). Layers for warmth are key.


8. Emergency Blanket: A thermal blanket or space blanket for warmth.


9. Poncho or Rain Gear: To stay dry in wet conditions.



Safety and Shelter:

1. Tent or Tarp: For shelter from the elements, especially if you need to be outdoors.


2. Sleeping Bag: A compact sleeping bag that’s rated for the climate you're in, or an emergency bivvy.


3. Whistle: To signal for help if needed.


4. Dust Masks: To help filter contaminated air (N95 masks are ideal).


5. Duct Tape: For quick repairs and multiple uses.



Communication and Navigation:

1. Battery-Powered or Hand-Crank Radio: To stay informed about emergency updates.


2. Cell Phone and Charger: A portable power bank for recharging your phone (referably a solar charger).


3. Map and Compass: In case GPS is unavailable.


4. Local Maps: Know your evacuation routes.



Personal Items:

1. Identification: Copies of important documents (ID, insurance, emergency contacts, etc.) in a waterproof bag.


2. Cash: In small denominations, since ATMs may not work.


3. Personal Hygiene Items: Toothbrush, toothpaste, hand sanitizer, feminine hygiene products, wet wipes, soap, and a towel.


4. Prescription Medications: A week’s supply if possible.


5. Glasses or Contact Lenses: If needed.



Other Useful Items:

1. Rope or Paracord: Useful for building shelters, securing items, or for other emergencies.


2. Safety Goggles: Protect your eyes from dust, debris, or smoke.


3. Hand Sanitizer or Wet Wipes: For cleanliness when water is scarce.


4. Small Shovel: A foldable camping shovel can be useful for digging.


5. Notebook and Pencil: For taking notes or leaving messages.



It’s a good idea to periodically check and refresh items like food, water, and batteries. Tailor your bag to your environment, personal needs, and potential risks in your area.