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A tariff is a tax or duty imposed by a government on imported or, in some cases, exported goods. Tariffs are used for various purposes, including:

1. Revenue Generation: Governments may use tariffs to raise money, especially in countries where other forms of taxation are limited.


2. Protection of Domestic Industries: By making imported goods more expensive, tariffs can encourage consumers to buy domestically produced goods, protecting local businesses and jobs from foreign competition.


3. Trade Policy Tool: Tariffs can be used to influence trade balances, negotiate trade deals, or respond to trade practices considered unfair, such as dumping or subsidies.



Types of Tariffs

1. Ad Valorem Tariffs: A percentage of the value of the imported good (e.g., 10% of the item's cost).


2. Specific Tariffs: A fixed amount of money per unit of the good (e.g., $5 per kilogram).


3. Mixed Tariffs: A combination of ad valorem and specific tariffs.



Impacts of Tariffs

On Consumers: Higher prices for imported goods, which may reduce choices.

On Domestic Producers: Increased competitiveness, as imported goods become more expensive.

On Trade Relations: Potential trade disputes or retaliation from trading partners.


Tariffs are an important tool in international trade policy and can significantly impact economies, both positively and negatively.