France and Canada have been reaping Zambia’s copper wealth for decades, quietly passing control between themselves while making little noise, Everyone seemed happy to benefit except Zambia. France’s influence began in the colonial era through European companies, and today Canada dominates through Barrick Gold’s full ownership of the Lumwana Mine, one of Zambia’s largest copper producers. Zambia holds 0% equity in the mine; its small 2.6% stake held by ZCCM-IH in 2006 was sold back to Canadian owners by 2011. While Zambia gets some royalties, taxes, and local jobs, the vast profits flow straight to Canada. This long-standing extraction has been accepted without major resistance until Zambia will tried to say no, challenge the system, or demand more control, then suddenly problems will start. Africa must wake up to this pattern of exploitation and reclaim its resources before it’s too late.