On September 30, 1919, Black farmers in Phillips County, Arkansas, met at a local church to discuss forming a labor union to seek fair wages for their cotton crops. The Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America (PFHUA) had been organizing to address the challenges faced by sharecroppers on white-owned plantations. This gathering led to a violent response from some local landowners and armed groups, resulting in what is now known as the Elaine Massacre. Over the following days, many members of the Black community were killed, though the exact number remains uncertain. Federal troops were deployed to the area, and their role has been a subject of historical discussion. The Elaine Massacre stands as a significant and tragic episode in American history, highlighting the struggles for justice, equality, and fair labor rights.